Video:
Zoom into the Dumbbell Nebula

Credit: NASA and L. Barranger (STScI/AVL)
Imaging the Dumbbell Nebula:
Different results from
different techniques
By
Zolt Levay (Hubble Heritage/STScI)
     
These
images look surprisingly different. At first, they
look different mostly in the their color. Looking
a bit more closely, you might see differences in
the structure of the nebula and in the level of
detail. The images are different because they were
made using various telescopes, cameras, filters
and imaging technology. One
of them was made using color photographic film
(Kodak Ektachrome), the others were produced from
digital images recorded using electronic detectors
(CCDs). The digital color images were reconstructed
from separate black and white images made through
different color filters (more
details about this). The images shown here are
all at the same scale and orientation. Some of them
do not show as much of the nebula as others because
the telescope and cameras see different amounts
of the sky.
Even
images made using the same telescope can be wildly
different. Most of the differences come about because
different filters were used to produce each image,
selecting different colors in the light from the
nebula. Some filters isolate light in a very small
range of colors (narrow wavelength band) from specific
chemical elements (hydrogen or sulfur, for example).
Other filters sample a broader range of colors (broad
wavelength band). In reconstructing a color image,
the exposures from each filter were assigned color
in various ways. In some
cases, the images show light that we cannot
see with our eyes. Infrared light is redder than
the reddest light we can see, but instruments can
record this light.
This
table shows more details for each image:
| Image |
Telescope |
Filters,
Colors |
 |
KPNO
4m |
Kodak
Ektachrome color film |
 |
VLT
8.2m |
| Ha
656nm |
Red |
| [O
III] 501nm |
Green |
| B
429nm |
Blue |
|
 |
WIYN
3.5m |
| 1.02mm
(IR) |
Red |
| [S
III] 953nm |
Green |
| Ha
656nm |
Blue |
|
 |
WIYN
3.5m |
| Ha
656nm |
Red |
| [O
III] 501nm |
Green |
| [O
II] 373nm |
Blue |
|
 |
WIYN
3.5m |
| Ha
656nm |
Red |
| [O
III] 501nm |
Green |
| O
I 630nm |
Blue |
|

|
HST
WFPC2 |
| [S
II] 673nm
[N II] 658nm |
Red |
| Ha
656nm |
Green |
| [O
III] 501nm |
Blue |
|
|